This CRP will incorporate two studies running in parallel as follows: Sub-project A: This study will determine the radiotherapy utilization rate (RTU) in a group of selected middle income countries in terms of both the optimal and the actual utilization. "Optimal" radiotherapy utilization means the proportion of cancer patients who should receive radiotherapy as per published evidence. This data exists from studies done in developed countries (mainly Australia, Sweden, USA) but has never been calculated for developing countries using an evidence-based methodology. The "actual" RTU means the real proportion of cancer patients who receive radiotherapy in a certain country. The results will be very valuable for planning radiotherapy services in developing countries on an evidence basis. Sub-project B: The second study will assess the level of quality of radiotherapy services in the post-Soviet (“Commonwealth of Independent States region”) countries as compared with internationally accepted standards. To answer this question the methodology will be a structured survey using validated quality indicators.