The overall project objective is to contribute to the alleviation of poverty in KwaZulu-Natal, through the sustained control or removal of the tsetse fly and the nagana disease in the communal farming areas and private game parks. The removal or suppression of the tsetse flies will contribute to the development of more sustainable livestock production systems and improvement of livelihood, through the introduction of more productive cattle. Additionally, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SIT will be the first of their kind on nagana vectors and will allow evidence based decisions regarding the possible use of SIT as a further vector control intervention method and increase the number of intervention tools available to control nagana.