This publication summarizes the results from a joint FAO/IAEA coordinated research project (CRP) and provides an integrated and crop-need-based nutrient and water management plan for growing various crops in the moist and dry savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa. The CRP participants investigated the effects of soil management and agronomic practices in mulch-based farming systems. Impacts on soil fertility, ecosystem service efficiency, and agricultural productivity were assessed. Climate change and variability in cropping or integrated crop and livestock systems were considered. The publication provides relevant information on how to improve soil fertility and soil health by applying nuclear techniques and the principles of conservation agriculture. By using these improved crop management methods, farmers can enhance soil resilience, optimize crop yields and minimize production costs.