Arising from the fifth in a series of international conferences on effective nuclear and radiation regulatory systems, this publication includes the opening addresses, a summary of the conference, and the conference President’s summary and conclusions. The participants’ presentations and posters from the conference are available as part of the online publication. Ongoing challenges, such as capacity building for regulatory infrastructure, knowledge management, and safety and security culture are addressed. Emerging issues, such as those associated with new technologies and those related to ageing nuclear power plants and the back-fitting of current safety measures to existing nuclear power plants, and decommissioning and waste management, are considered, as is the threat posed by counterfeit and fraudulent items. An important concept throughout is the interface between safety and security. The objective of the publication is to share regulatory experiences related to improving the effectiveness of nuclear and radiation regulatory systems, addressing the international framework for the safety and security of nuclear and other radioactive material. A key message is that international cooperation to address regulatory challenges improves regulatory effectiveness worldwide.