This publication is the proceedings of the second international conference on effective nuclear regulatory systems convened by the IAEA. The conference brought together senior nuclear safety, radiation safety and security regulators from around the world to discuss how to improve regulatory effectiveness to ensure protection of the public and the environment. The focus was on further enhancing the global nuclear safety and security regime. The conference identified several issues for consideration by governments, regulatory bodies and stakeholders, and issues for future international cooperation. These proceedings include a summary, the opening and closing speeches, the invited papers and the President’s summary. A CD-ROM which is attached to the back of this publication contains the contributed papers and presentations.

This publication is the proceedings of the 12th Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA), organized by the Argentine Radiation Protection Society (SAR) and co-sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). The congress brought together a broad range of professionals from around the world to discuss the promotion, enhancement and strengthening of radiation protection worldwide. To attain these general policy objectives, IRPA12 was arranged in three distinct main fields, which were divided into 10 scientific areas including a total of 38 topical sessions. The conclusions of these special topical sessions are synthesized and the results of the round table discussions are also presented in this publication.

There is increasing interest in the detection of explosives and illicit materials. This publication examines nuclear techniques in the field of humanitarian demining and illicit material detection. It presents the latest experimental results on neutron based equipment, details issues for improvement, and identifies challenges and activities for future developments. The recommendations and guidelines, which are provided by developers of demining techniques and experts in illicit material detection, serve as a useful basis to determine the direction of future research activities in this field.

This is the proceedings of an international topical meeting on nuclear research applications and utilization of accelerators. The main objectives of the meeting were to promote the exchange of information among IAEA Member States, representatives and delegates, and to discuss new trends in accelerator applications including nuclear materials research (such as simulation of radiation damage, testing of materials for nuclear systems and R&D for advanced materials), various industrial applications, innovative nuclear systems like accelerator driven systems, and accelerator technology.

This is the proceedings of an international conference on non-electric applications of nuclear power. Participants at the conference addressed nuclear energy’s current role in the global energy supply and, given its environmental and strategic benefits as a sustainable resource, considered how best to expand its use to meet a greater proportion of the world’s energy demands. The proceedings also present discussions on the importance and challenges of extending nuclear power to developing countries around the world. The publication contains the text of all contributed papers, summaries of the sessions and the panel discussions. The accompanying CD contains the poster presentations.

The International Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Energy in the 21st Century provided an opportunity to review the status and prospects of nuclear power, and to discuss the actions necessary to carry forward the positive momentum that nuclear power has experienced in recent years. It also offered a forum for countries considering the potential benefits of introducing nuclear power into their national energy mix to further assess the viability of the nuclear power option. Conference participants discussed developments and emerging issues relevant to the role of nuclear power in providing clear and sustainable energy for national and regional development. The technical sessions were devoted to energy resources and the environment; available technology and long term perspectives; infrastructure development and safety and legal issues; and reliable fuel supply, spent fuel, waste management and strengthening of non-proliferation.

This CD-ROM contains the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference, Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology. The conference was concerned with fostering cross-disciplinary research in plasma physics and highlighting the interconnectivity between different topics. The conference participants also discussed new and emerging applications and technologies.

This is the proceedings of the second meeting organized by the IAEA to address fusion power plant concepts. It contains the most recent results of fusion power plant research and provides insights into the technical options for the first generation of fusion power plants. Furthermore, the meeting participants discussed social, economic and environmental demands and addressed issues such as energy policies and strategies in order to make fusion available in the market as an economically attractive, clean and environmentally friendly energy source. The proceedings also include enhanced concepts for fusion power plants and illustrate the benefit of fusion for the co-production of hydrogen together with electric power and non-power fusion applications.

This CD-ROM contains the proceedings of an international conference on research reactors, convened with the objective of promoting the exchange of information on research reactor issues and trends among operators, regulators, designers and suppliers. The conference was grouped into five main themes: safety and security of research reactors; operation and utilization; the nuclear fuel cycle; decommissioning; and waste management. Experience was shared in these areas and recommendations were made for future activities.

Although all minerals and raw materials contain radionuclides of natural origin, only certain work activities involving such materials can give rise to significantly enhanced exposures that may need to be controlled by regulation. Material giving rise to these enhanced exposures is known as naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) and exposure to such material was the subject of the NORM V symposium held in Seville in March 2007. These proceedings contain all oral presentations and rapporteur reports as well as a summary that concludes with the main findings of the symposium. Text versions of the poster presentations are provided on a CD-ROM.

This publication presents the proceedings of the first international conference to specifically address the illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive material. The principal aim of the conference was to examine the threat and context of such illicit trafficking and assess the results of activities in place to combat such trafficking. Participants also discussed what additional actions may be required and how the obligations and commitments of the binding and non-binding international instruments could be, and are being, implemented by various States. Illicit nuclear trafficking remains an international concern, with repercussions for human life, health, property and the environment, and the conference concluded that efforts should be made to establish effective systems, both technical and administrative, to control the movement of nuclear and other radioactive materials, and to prevent and detect their uncontrolled and unauthorized trafficking. The proceedings constitute a record of the conference and include a summary of the conference, the collected papers, the findings of the conference by the President, and a record of the conference discussions.