This publication provides an overview of plasma physics and technology aspects of the Deuterium-Tritium fuel cycle in magnetic fusion devices, from ITER to demonstration fusion power plants. The TECDOC also provides contributed papers from experts representing a wide range of international magnetic confinement fusion research and development programmes working on the D-T fuel cycle. This publication is intended for scientists and engineers working on fusion R&D, as well as private sector companies working in fusion energy development areas.

Technology readiness levels (TRLs) provide a standardized and objective method for evaluating the maturity of different technologies and their different components, making it easier for all stakeholders to understand and use. By using TRLs in specific technology programme planning, everyone from government and research organizations to private sector developers, end-users, and the supply chain can benefit from a consistent and transparent evaluation process. This publication addresses the growing need for the use of TRLs in fusion programmes, and it is expected that their use will continue to increase in the future. This publication is intended for technologists, researchers, university professors and students, regulatory experts, nuclear engineers, and nuclear fusion plant planners.

This publication covers two main aspects of safety against external events including the site hazard assessment and the robustness of the installation against external hazards. This publication provides practical guidance and information for the development of the technology-neutral safety framework for assessing the applicability of site evaluation requirements considering site-installation interactions and taking into account the innovative safety features of the advanced reactors. A methodology is provided for an overall optimization of safety measures against external hazards, including the use of a risk-informed approach, supporting the effective and balanced implementation of the defence in depth concept. This methodology covers the application of grading that considers the safety features of the nuclear installation, allowing for a reduced implementation time/cost while ensuring robustness of the installation for applicable hazards. This publication is useful for both new and existing nuclear installations and is intended to be used by regulatory bodies, designers, operating organizations, vendors, research institutes, and technical support organizations working in the area of nuclear safety.

This publication complements existing IAEA publications and provides a methodology for evaluating the adequacy of design safety margins against external events based on the performance goals applicable to a nuclear installation. The aim is to provide procedures which can be used to assess if protection against external hazards achieved by the design corresponds to the design safety requirements established after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. It is intended for use by regulatory bodies, designers, operating organizations, vendors, research institutes, and technical support organizations working in the area of nuclear safety.

The IAEA recognizes the importance of food safety to Member States and that laboratories are the fulcrum of a reliable food safety control system, without which, routine testing and monitoring of chemical and related hazards would remain a challenge. The IAEA and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), through the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, help scientists to enhance the performance of laboratories and contribute to safeguarding consumer health as well as promoting the market competitiveness of foodstuff such as aquaculture products. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-production sectors in the world and requires urgent attention. This publication presents several analytical methods including an annex of standard operating procedures, for testing residues of chemicals including veterinary drugs and selected contaminants in aquaculture products and production environments. This publication is intended for regulatory as well as research and academic food safety and control institutions.

The Coordinated Research Project on Probabilistic Safety Assessment Benchmarks for Multiunit Multi Reactor Sites (2018-2022) brought together the experts from the IAEA Member States with mainly water-cooled reactor technologies to utilize, test and further develop their current or planned probabilistic safety assessments methods and assumptions by conducting and comparing results of meaningful multiunit multi reactor type probabilistic safety assessment (MUPSA) benchmark exercises. The objective was to share national expertise and participate in shared benchmark calculations. These calculations involved the development of MUPSA, based on single unit probabilistic safety assessments available in Member States. This publication is intended for nuclear engineers, researchers, code developers, experimentalists in nuclear energy fields, reactor vendors and developers, university professors and students, regulatory experts, and nuclear power plant planners.

From 2007 to 2012, the IAEA ran a regional project on the ‘Use of Nuclear Techniques to Address the Management Problems of Coastal Zones in the Caribbean Region’, RLA/7/012. The main purpose of the project was to develop and build capacity in the use of nuclear and isotopic methods in order to understand and propose strategies for reducing the degradation of coastal ecosystems and support integrated coastal zone management in the Greater Caribbean region. This guide is a product of project RLA/7/012. It was developed by and for scientists in the region as a guide to the use of sediments to assess current and historical levels of pollution in coastal areas (over roughly the last hundred years) by studying sediment cores dated using the radionuclides <span style="vertical-align: super;">210</span>Pb and <span style="vertical-align: super;">137</span>Cs.

The IAEA has organized various international meetings and projects on the safety of near surface disposal of radioactive waste. These projects included work to (i) benchmark safety assessment models, (ii) develop improved safety assessment methods, (iii) apply improved safety assessment methods to proposed and existing disposal facilities and consider regulatory review of safety assessments, (iv) to enhance understanding of the safety case for near surface disposal facilities, and (v) to explore approaches for the practical use of the safety case in the management of near surface disposal facilities. These activities have provided a valuable and productive international forum for discussions, exchange of experiences, development of methodologies and mutual learning. Since 2017, the IAEA has been facilitating the ongoing Forum on the Safety of Near Surface Disposal. This publication results from the work of the Forum during October 2017 to September 2022. The intended audience for this publication includes those involved in developing, operating and regulating near surface disposal facilities for radioactive waste and those involved in developing, reviewing, and using safety assessments and safety cases for the disposal of radioactive wastes.

A range of diverse sites globally have been affected by past activities and events resulting in their contamination with residual radioactive material. As a result, there is a need to evaluate the site-specific radiological hazards and doses to people and the environment to determine whether remediation is justified and, if so, to develop and implement plans to address the situation. The IAEA has published a Generic Safety Guide (GSG-15) - Remediation Strategy and Process for Areas Affected by Past Activities or Events, which establishes a stepwise approach for the planning and implementation of remediation applying the principles of radiation protection. This publication presents the results generated from the modelling of case studies of sites contaminated with residual radioactive material from past activities and events within the Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety (EMRAS II) programme to demonstrate the practical application of the stepwise remediation process presented in GSG-15.

The publication aims to support the safe and effective management of radioactive waste from past activities by presenting focused information on the specific challenges associated with such waste and providing guidance on how to develop and implement strategies to address those challenges. The main objective is to describe typical characteristics of legacy wastes and identify the major challenges to their safe management. In support, information gained through analysis of varied experiences, case studies, good practices and lessons learned are given, aiming to provide guidance on strategies for Member States to overcome these challenges, successfully manage their existing legacy waste inventories, and minimize the risk of their creation in the future. The information provided will be of interest to the waste management community, particularly to those responsible for the safe and effective management of radioactive waste from past activities in their respective countries.

This publication provides the operating experience feedback from the events reported to the IAEA's incident reporting system for research reactors (IRSRR) since its launch in 1997. The publication has a focus on the root causes, lessons learned, and corrective actions taken to prevent the occurrence of similar events. It also analyses the key lessons learned from recent events in nuclear power plants that are relevant to research reactors. Reference to other publications that cover research reactor events as well as a description of an operating experience programme are also included. This publication is intended to be used by research reactor operating organizations, regulatory bodies, and designers.

This publication is the result of a collaborative effort, between the IAEA, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and European Commission, to develop a standard taxonomy for nuclear facility decommissioning and thereby facilitate the sharing of knowledge on this topic. Adoption of the taxonomy will support the capture of knowledge from the ongoing implementation of decommissioning activities involving nuclear power plants, research reactors, and fuel cycle facilities. This publication will benefit a wide range of professionals working on gathering and organizing knowledge to be shared in the field of decommissioning, including government officials, managers of nuclear facility operating organizations, regulators, and industrial organizations offering decommissioning and waste management services.