核科学用于抗击癌症:科学论坛开幕

原子能机构代理总干事科尔内尔·费鲁塔今天在2019年科学论坛开幕式上强调说,核技术在癌症的及时诊断和有效治疗方面发挥着重要作用,帮助各国应对癌症负担仍然是原子能机构的最高优先事项之一。

<p>(视频来源:K. Laffan、M. Klingenboeck/原子能机构)</p>

原子能机构代理总干事科尔内尔·费鲁塔 今天在 2019年科学论坛 开幕式上强调说,核技术在癌症的及时诊断和有效治疗方面发挥着重要作用,帮助各国应对癌症负担仍然是原子能机构的最高优先事项之一。

过去几十年来,原子能机构一直与世界各地的卫生当局和医疗保健提供者密切合作,向医疗专业人员提供培训,协助各国获得必要设备,并帮助它们建立有效的国家癌症防治系统。

“去年,癌症夺去了近1000万人的生命。这是一个令人震惊的数字,”原子能机构代理总干事科尔内尔·费鲁塔说。“预计这一数字将继续上升。癌症已不再像人们过去常常认为的那样是富裕国家的疾病。”

费鲁塔先生说,利用核技术帮助各国解决医疗保健问题约占原子能机构技术合作计划的四分之一,而帮助中低收入国家改善放射治疗和核医学的获取利用占其中很大一部分。

在讲述原子能机构支持各国抗击癌症的各种方式时,费鲁塔先生谈到了仍然存在的挑战。“有几十个国家没有一台放射治疗机,有近60个国家只有不到四分之一的患者能够获得放射治疗。”

费鲁塔先生宣布与伊斯兰开发银行发起一项新的伙伴关系倡议,为原子能机构在作为这两组织成员的国家中应对女性癌症的项目提供资金。 在此阅览有关这一新倡议的更多信息。  在此阅览代理总干事的发言全文。

开幕会议

泰国第一个综合癌症防治中心所在的朱拉蓬研究院院长朱拉蓬公主说,过去十年来,泰国政府一直着力增加获得癌症护理的机会,在边远省份开设了10个专门的国营放射治疗中心。

“我们的目标是为所有泰国人提供癌症护理,不管他们的社会和经济背景如何,”她说。

她强调了原子能机构对这一努力的支持, 并 谈到了一个技术合作项目,该项目已于最近结束,使泰国科学家能够生产用于诊断和治疗癌症和其他疾病的新型放射性药物。

“我的愿景是教育和培养泰国治疗癌症急需的医务人员 — 医生、放射学技师和医学物理师,”她说。2016年成立的皇家学院首届毕业班将于2021年加入这种工作人员队伍,她补充说。“我们将继续利用高技能工作人员和更好的治疗技术改善癌症患者的生活。”

布基纳法索,每天有25人死于癌症,“这是一个令人悲伤和震惊的数字”,第一夫人西卡·卡博雷说,并补充说道,影响妇女的癌症最为常见。 

“自2016年起,我们发起了一场抗击癌症的决定性行动,”她说。“布基纳法索坚定不移地致力于解决癌症护理问题。”

在国际伙伴和捐助者的帮助下,政府正在努力增加获得护理的机会和制定早期诊断计划。去年4月,在原子能机构的支持下,开始建造一个放射治疗中心,这有助于建设体制能力,包括对工作人员进行诊断、治疗、辐射防护和设备质量控制方面的培训。

增加获得治疗的机会也是 尼日尔 政府的一个重要目标,尼日尔第一夫人拉拉·马利卡·穆罕默杜说。正在制订在全国各省建立诊断单位的新战略计划。“早期诊断是成功的关键,”她说。

由于原子能机构的支持,尼日尔现已拥有基本核法律,这是安全和可靠使用辐射技术所必需的,她说。此外,原子能机构还通过捐赠设备、发展人力资源和对建立辐射舱提供咨询为该国提供了支持。  

秘鲁,向所有癌症患者提供由政府资助的治疗,卫生部长伊丽莎白·苏莱玛·托马斯·冈萨雷斯说。该国7万多名癌症患者中有60%以上需要放射治疗,得益于原子能机构和其他伙伴的支持,他们能够获得利用最新技术进行的护理。“我们必须提供高质量、安全和人性化的卫生服务。”

政府也对预防进行了强调。

“我们创建了癌症登记册,并正在开展宣传和提高认识活动,以减少生活方式风险因素,促进健康的生活方式,”她说。

抗击肿瘤疾病是俄罗斯政府的医疗保健优先事项之一,卫生部副部长谢尔盖·克拉沃伊说。“我们正在努力为诊所配备最先进的医疗设备和扩大公众获得高水平癌症治疗的机会。”

俄罗斯通过主办原子能机构组织的癌症专家培训班,支持其他国家提高癌症服务质量。“我们正在与原子能机构进行非常密切的合作,”他说。

宫颈癌夺去的生命太多了,尤其是在发展中国家, 美国国家癌症研究所代所长Douglas Lowy说。“不仅在高收入国家,而且在低收入国家,都有可能控制并最终消除它,”他说。“高收入国家有资源利用新技术,而原子能机构可以在帮助发展中国家获得利用相同技术和克服治疗差距方面发挥重要作用。”

如果及早诊断,宫颈癌是可以治愈的,他强调说。在每年被这种疾病夺去生命的30多万妇女中,有90%在发展中国家,那里的大多数病例中都没有对作为宫颈癌罪魁祸首的人乳头瘤病毒进行筛查或全面疫苗接种。他说,正在进行的开发新型疫苗的研究对解决发展中国家的这一问题非常关键,这种疫苗只需接种一次、成本降低且物流简化。“这可能给发展中国家大规模疫苗接种的推行带来变革。”

世界卫生组织(世卫组织)总干事谭德塞谈到了“世卫组织和原子能机构在癌症问题上的长期成功合作。”他在论坛视频致辞中强调了世卫组织、原子能机构和其他伙伴发起的两个联合全球倡议:消除宫颈癌和儿童癌症。“无论是宫颈癌还是儿童癌症,在高收入国家的存活率是70%,而在非洲的存活率不到30%,”他说。“我们没有理由不采取行动。”

使妇女的生命远离癌症是一项重要努力,伊斯兰开发银行行长班达尔·哈贾尔说。“860多万妇女身患基本上可以治疗的癌症。这是伊斯兰开发银行的一个优先事项。”

该银行准备考虑向作为两组织成员的17个中低收入国家提供赠款,供用于原子能机构诊断和治疗女性癌症的项目。“我们希望为拯救数百万妇女生命的全球努力做出贡献,”他说,并宣布了一项调动1千万美元初始赠款的计划,为此在论坛开幕会议结束后不久便签署了“谅解备忘录”。

科学论坛日程

科学论坛“癌症防治行动十年及今后的道路”正在原子能机构第六十三届大会期间举办。在为期两天的 四次单元会议 上,与会者和原子能机构专家将审查过去若干年在核医学和癌症防治领域的成功和挑战,并概述各国和原子能机构的行动计划,以最大程度地提升抗击日益沉重的癌症负担的能力。

科学论坛的视频直播可通过此链接观看。开幕会议录像可在Facebook上观看。请阅览我们关于原子能机构如何促进全世界癌症防治的影响力故事系列,并请阅览我们最新版 《国际原子能机构通报》- 癌症防治。请在社交媒体上关注# IAEAGC,了解大会和科学论坛讨论的最新情况。

单元会议概览

第一单元会议:防治癌症10年 — 成员国的经验

第一单元会议将侧重于由来自成员国的发言者分享他们在建立癌症防治系统基础结构和实行相关条例和立法方面的经验和最佳实践。讨论还将侧重于原子能机构在为这些项目的推出向成员国提供专家支持和援助方面的作用。

第二单元会议:原子能机构响应成员国不断变化的需求

第二单元会议将侧重于癌症防治方面日益增长的能力以及成员国因此对癌症防治日益增长的需求。参加者将讨论通过教育和培训最大程度地发挥影响并跟上不断发展的技术的办法。

第三单元会议:概述核和辐射医学领域的技术进步

第三单元会议将探讨当代成像技术如何提高癌症诊断和治疗的精确性。会议还将概述电离辐射的医学应用,如放射治疗、放射性药物和治疗学。

第四单元会议:通过伙伴关系支持癌症防治计划

这是科学论坛倒数第二次会议,将侧重讨论成员国在癌症护理筹资方面的经验。参加者将探讨协助成员国开展癌症防治努力和建立战略伙伴关系的办法。

闭幕会议

论坛的最后一次会议将总结讨论的主要结论,并为成员国和原子能机构今后的行动指示方向。代理总干事费鲁塔将向论坛参加者致闭幕辞。

Opening session

Over the last ten years, the Government of Thailand has focused on increasing access to cancer care, by opening ten specialized state-run radiotherapy centres in remote provinces, said Princess Chulabhorn, President of the Chulabhorn Research Institute, which houses Thailand’s first comprehensive cancer control centre.

“Our goal is to provide cancer care to all Thai people regardless of their social and economic background,” she said.

She highlighted the support from the IAEA in this endeavour, and spoke of a technical cooperation project, which ended recently, and which has enabled Thai scientists to produce new types of radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other diseases.

“My vision is to educate and produce medical personnel that are highly needed in Thailand to treat cancer - medical doctors, radiological technologists and medical physicists,” she said. The first graduating class of a royal academy, established in 2016, will enter the workforce in 2021, she added. “We will continue to improve the life of cancer patients with highly skilled personnel and improved treatment techniques.”

In Burkina Faso, 25 people die of cancer every day, “a sad and shocking figure,” said First Lady Sika Kabore, adding that cancers affecting women are the most common. 

“Since 2016, we have launched a decisive strike to combat cancer,” she said. “Burkina Faso is steadfastly committed to tackle cancer care.”

With the help of international partners and donors, the government is working on increasing access to care and on a programme of early diagnosis. Last April, construction of a radiotherapy centre began, with the support of the IAEA, which helps build institutional capacity, including through the training of staff in diagnosis, treatment, radiation protection and quality control of equipment.

Increasing access to treatment is a key goal of the Government of Niger as well, said Lalla Malika Mahamadou, Niger's First Lady. A new strategic plan to create diagnostic units in all provinces of the country is under development. “Early diagnosis is key to success,” she said.

Thanks to support from the IAEA, Niger today has a general nuclear law, which is necessary for the safe and secure use of radiation technology, she said. Furthermore, the IAEA has supported the country through the donation of equipment, human resource development and advice in setting up radiation bunkers.  

In Peru, government-funded treatment is available to all cancer patients, said Minister of Health Elizabeth Zulema Tomas Gonzales. More than 60% of the country’s over 70,000 cancer patients require radiation, and thanks to the support of the IAEA and other partners, they have access to care using the latest technology. “We must offer health services that are high quality, safe and have a human face.”

The government is putting emphasis on prevention as well.

“We have created cancer registries and are running information and awareness raising campaigns to reduce lifestyle risk factors and promote healthy living,” she said.

Combatting oncological diseases is one of the health care priorities of Russia's government, said Deputy Health Minister Sergey Kraevoy. “We are working on outfitting clinics with state of the art medical equipment and on broadening public access to high-level cancer therapy.”

Russia supports other countries in increasing the quality of their cancer services by hosting IAEA-organized training courses to cancer experts. “We cooperate with the Agency very closely,” he said.

Cervical cancer is taking too many lives, particularly in developing countries, said Douglas Lowy, Acting Director General of the National Cancer Institute in the United States. “There is a potential for controlling it and eventually eliminating it, not only in high income countries but also in low income countries,” he said. “High income countries have the resources to take advantage of new technologies, and the IAEA can play a major role in helping developing countries access the same technology and overcoming discrepancy in treatment.”

Cervical cancer is curable, if diagnosed early, he underlined. Of the over 300,000 women who succumb to the disease every year, 90% are in developing countries, where in most cases there is no screening or comprehensive vaccination against the HPV virus, which is responsible for cervical cancer. Ongoing research into the development of a new kind of vaccine, which would require only a single vaccination, decreasing costs and simplifying logistics, is key to tacking the problem in developing countries, he said. “This could be transformative to the rollout of large scale vaccination in developing countries.”

Tedros Ghebreyesus, Director General of  the World Health Organization (WHO), spoke about the “long and successful collaboration between WHO and IAEA on cancer.” In a video message to the Forum, he highlighted two joint global initiatives by the WHO, the IAEA and other partners: to eliminate cervical cancer and childhood cancer. “For both cervical cancer and childhood cancer, survival in high income countries is 70%, while in Africa it is less than 30%,” he said. “We have no excuse if we do not act.”

Serving women’s lives from cancer is an important endeavour, said Bandar M. H. Hajjar, President of the Islamic Development Bank (IsDB). “More than 8.6 million women suffer from largely treatable cancers. This is a priority for IsDB.”

The Bank is ready to consider providing grants to 17 low and middle income countries that are members of both organizations for IAEA projects to diagnose and treat women cancers. “We want to contribute to the global effort to save millions of women's lives,” he said, announcing a plan to mobilize an initial US $10 million in grant funding for which a Memorandum of Understanding was signed shortly after the Forum’s opening session.

Scientific Forum Programme

The Scientific Forum: A Decade of Action on Cancer Control and the Way Forward is taking place on the margins of the IAEA’s 63rd General Conference. In four sessions over two days, participants and IAEA experts will review successes and challenges from the past years in the field of nuclear medicine and cancer control, and outline the action plan for the countries and the IAEA to maximise the capacities to fight against the growing cancer burden.

The live streaming of the Scientific Forum is available via this link. A recording of the opening session is available on Facebook. See our series of Impact Stories on how the IAEA contributes to advancement of cancer management around the world, and read our latest edition of the IAEA Bulletin on Cancer control. Follow the #IAEAGC on social media to get updates on the General Conference and the discussion on the Scientific Forum.

Overview of sessions

Session 1: Ten years of cancer control — the experience of Member States

The first session will focus on speakers from Member States sharing their experience and best practices in setting-up the infrastructure for cancer control systems and introducing relevant regulation and legislation. The discussion will also focus on the role of the IAEA in providing expert support and assistance to the Member states in rolling-out these projects.

Session 2: The IAEA response to the evolving needs of Member States

The second session will focus on the growing capacities, and therefore the growing needs of the Member States in cancer control. The participants will discuss the ways to maximize the impact and keeping up-to-date with evolving technologies through education and training.

Session 3: Overview of technology advances in nuclear and radiation medicine

The third session will explore how contemporary imaging techniques improve precise cancer diagnosis and treatment. The session will also provide an overview of the medical application of ionizing radiation like radiotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals and theranostics.

Session 4: Supporting cancer control programmes through partnerships

The penultimate session of the Scientific Forum will focus on Member States’ experiences in cancer care financing. The participants will explore the ways to assist Member States in setting up their cancer control efforts and forming strategic partnerships.

Closing session

The final session of the Forum will draw together main conclusions of the discussions and give pointers to future actions for Member States and the IAEA. Acting Director General Feruta will deliver the concluding remarks to the Forum’s participants.