原子能机构和有13个国家参与的以下一代核电技术为重点的倡议第四代国际论坛呼吁作出更大努力，支持尽早部署革新型核反应堆系统，以应对气候变化。
原子能机构和有13个国家参与的以下一代核电技术为重点的倡议第四代国际论坛呼吁作出更大努力，支持尽早部署革新型核反应堆系统，以应对气候变化。
这项呼吁是在第14次第四代国际论坛－原子能机构接口会议期间发出的，该会议聚集了原子能机构高级官员以及来自数个国家、欧盟委员会和作为第四代国际论坛技术秘书处的经济合作与发展组织核能机构的论坛成员。除其他外，上周因全球大流行病而以虚拟方式举行的会议的与会者审查了革新型核反应堆系统研究、设计和开发方面的进展，包括在核安全、抗扩散、经济性、教育和培训等领域的进展。
“与会者呼吁加快行动，支持更快地部署这些创新技术，这能为世界向低碳能源系统的转型提供重大帮助，”担任7月8日举行的会议共同主席的原子能机构核电技术发展科科长Stefano Monti说。
第四代国际论坛成立于2000年，目的是为确定下一代反应堆系统的可行性、安全性和实绩能力开展所需的研发工作，该系统与现有技术相比，在设计方案、燃料、材料或系统配置方面均有重大变化。第四代国际论坛选择了六种反应堆技术进行进一步研发，包括气冷快堆、铅冷快堆、熔盐堆、超临界水冷堆、钠冷快堆和超高温堆。
虽然2030年后可能会开始更广泛地部署革新型反应堆，但中国即将完成先进模块式高温气冷堆的建设，而俄罗斯已经在运行两座钠冷快堆，即位于别洛雅尔斯克的BN-600和BN-800。快堆通过使用不受慢化器减速的“快”中子，从燃料中生产出的能量比典型反应堆可高出70倍，大大增强了核能的可持续性。它们还可以显著减少最终放射性废物的体积、毒性和寿期。
在这次作为审查共同感兴趣的活动并决定关键合作领域的场所的会议上，与会者听取了原子能机构在革新型反应堆技术、核电经济性、外展以及原子能机构“革新型核反应堆和燃料循环国际项目”的新服务“分析支持用于增强核能可持续性”等方面的活动情况。原子能机构还介绍了其在先进核反应堆安全性以及“设计中纳入保障”方面的活动，包括为制定严谨的“抗扩散”定义以便将其纳入“革新型核反应堆和燃料循环国际项目”方法学而与第四代国际论坛联合进行的努力。
第四代国际论坛成员所作的介绍分析了可变可再生能源份额的不断增加对部署革新型反应堆系统的影响，并讨论了第四代国际论坛在下一代反应堆安全性方面的活动。会议还讨论了诸如小型模块堆等今后合作的议题，论坛成员支持加大对小型模块堆的重视的呼吁。
来自日本的第四代国际论坛主席Hideki Kamide指出，核能和可再生能源的结合，特别是在将其用于产氢方面，是一个共同感兴趣的议题。低碳能源产生的氢可用于多种应用，减少工业、交通和建筑的排放。
原子能机构和第四代国际论坛商定就会议上提出的建议采取后续行动，包括将研发重点放在使用革新型反应堆产氢以及其他活动上，例如，将革新型核能系统与其他低碳能源相结合。
“这种长期且持续进行的对话有助于一个重要目的：将原子能机构支持核电研发和创新的活动与一个核技术领先国家在其中进行研发合作和讨论重大部署问题的重要国际论坛联系起来，”负责核能司的副总干事米哈伊尔·丘达科夫在会议上告诉与会者。
原子能机构在所有技术领域支持成员国开发革新型核能系统。原子能机构促进全球核能可持续性和创新方面的国际合作，支持各国进行战略性长远核能规划，并为先进堆的技术开发以及核能在发电及非电力应用中的安全利用提供合作框架。
While broader deployment of innovative reactors may begin after 2030, China is completing the construction of an advanced modular high temperature gas cooled reactor and Russia already operates two sodium cooled fast reactors, the BN-600 and BN-800 at Beloyarsk. Compared with typical reactors, fast reactors produce up to 70 times more energy from their fuel by using ‘fast’ neutrons not slowed by a moderator, greatly enhancing the sustainability of nuclear energy. They can also significantly reduce the volume, toxicity and lifespan of final radioactive waste.
During the meeting, which serves as a venue for reviewing activities of common interest and deciding on key areas of collaboration, participants heard about the IAEA’s activities on innovative reactor technologies, nuclear power economics, outreach and new service by the IAEA’s International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO) called Analysis Support for Enhanced Nuclear Energy Sustainability (ASENES). The IAEA also presented its activities on advanced nuclear reactor safety, as well as safeguards-by-design, including joint efforts with GIF, to develop a robust definition of proliferation resistance to include in INPRO methodology.
Presentations by GIF members included an analysis of the impact of increasing shares of variable renewable energy sources on the deployment of innovative reactor systems and a discussion of GIF activities on the safety of next generation reactors. Topics of future collaboration such as small modular reactors (SMRs) were also discussed, with GIF members backing a call for greater focus on SMRs.
GIF Chair Hideki Kamide of Japan noted that the integration of nuclear and renewable energy sources, in particular for the production of hydrogen, was a topic of joint interest. Hydrogen produced by low carbon sources can be used in several applications to cut emissions from industry, transport and buildings.
The IAEA and GIF agreed to follow up on recommendations made at the meeting, including by focusing R&D on using innovative reactors to produce hydrogen and other activities such as the integration of innovative nuclear systems with other low carbon energy sources.
“This longstanding and ongoing dialogue serves an important purpose: to connect the Agency's activities in support of R&D and innovation in nuclear power with a key international forum in which leading nuclear technology nations collaborate on R&D and discuss major deployment issues,” Mikhail Chudakov, IAEA Deputy Director General and Head of the Department of Nuclear Energy, told participants at the meeting.
The IAEA supports Member States in the development of innovative nuclear energy systems across the whole spectrum of technical areas. It fosters international cooperation on global nuclear energy sustainability and innovation, supports countries in their strategic long range nuclear energy planning, and provides collaborative frameworks for technology development in advanced reactors and the safe use of nuclear energy not only for electricity generation but also for non-electric applications.