原子能机构总干事拉斐尔·马里亚诺·格罗西在挪威奥斯陆举行的2024年诺贝尔和平奖论坛上发表主旨演讲。
“今年的诺贝尔和平奖照亮了我们前行的道路，提醒我们铭记过去，以及不顾及使用核武器的危害会带来的后果，”原子能机构总干事拉斐尔·马里亚诺·格罗西在奥斯陆举行的2024年诺贝尔和平奖论坛上发表主旨演讲时说。
挪威诺贝尔委员会将2024年诺贝尔和平奖授予给了日本广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸的幸存者组织“日本原子弹氢弹受害者组织联合会”，以表彰其为实现无核武器世界所做的努力，以及通过证人的证词表明绝不能再使用核武器。格罗西先生是在颁奖之后的第二天发表上述讲话的。
格罗西先生警告说，在这个分裂和冲突日益加剧的时代，世界已经走到了一个关键的十字路口，因为它要穿行于核时代的危险之中。核弹头数量的不断增加，使用核武器的言论的增多，以及乌克兰和中东的冲突，都在加剧核风险。
格罗西先生在讲话中回忆说，他几十年前作为一名年轻外交官访问广岛时与一名女原子弹爆炸幸存者不期而遇，这对他产生了深远影响。“我在每一次会议上、每一次谈判中、每一篇贴文中，都带着对这位女士无声证词的记忆，”他说。“从那时起，她的眼神一直伴随着我，就像一个强有力的提醒，一个秘密的使命，让我不断努力，以便她的痛苦永不重演。”
“当涉及到为和平与安全而努力时，瞻前顾后是危险的，”格罗西先生说。他呼吁立即回归外交和对话，并呼吁各国际组织的领导人挺身而出，担当有效的和平调解人。
“我们必须积极主动地建立信任和保护，降低出现险情和边缘政策的风险，尤其是在当今的紧张局势下，”他说。“不采取积极措施，意味着我们要靠运气 – 或假设对方会表现出克制 – 来使我们免于核战争。你依靠运气的时间越长，运气就越有可能耗尽。”
他敦促领导人们采取行动，并提醒他们，在冷战期间的关键时刻，是有胆识的领导人促成了对话、紧张局势的缓和以及重要规范和武器削减条约的达成。“艰难时期需要开明的领导人，无论是在国家层面，还是在国际层面，”格罗西先生说。他强调，联合国安理会五个常任理事国之间的接触，对于缓和紧张局势和减少“核剑拔弩张”至关重要。
“冲突和紧张局势会迫使各国武装起来。外交和妥协则会为他们解除武装创造条件，”他说。
格罗西先生还呼吁多边组织领导人利用其授权、工具和斡旋，帮助引导世界应对当今和平与安全面临的挑战。
他说，原子能机构正在尽其职责，并提到原子能机构在乌克兰核电设施的持续存在。“我们一直向全世界通报正在发生的事情，并在减少放射性事件加剧冲突和造成更大破坏的可能性。”
此外，格罗西先生还一直不断与伊朗接触，努力缓解紧张局势，并努力使伊朗一直遵守《不扩散核武器条约》和国际不扩散准则。
格罗西先生警告说，核扩散的危险继续存在，并敦促无核武器国家不要被世界上最具破坏性的大规模杀伤性武器的诱惑所迷惑。“获取核武器不会增强国家安全，只会适得其反。其他国家将会跟进。这将促使不扩散制度解体，虽然它起起落落，而且仍然有其局限性，但仍然为人类做出了极大的贡献。”
他敦促核武器国家和无核武器国家共同努力，“以坚定的决心遵守并加强全球不扩散制度。”
“让国际体系重回正轨是我们力所能及的，”格罗西先生最后说。“世界领导人，包括多边体系的最高领导人，有义务和不可推卸的责任为此而努力。”
“就我个人而言，我对此深信不疑，”他补充说。“也许，这是因为那天我在广岛从一个原子弹爆炸幸存者那里得到的秘密使命在我心中燃烧，越烧越烈的缘故。”
在奥斯陆期间，格罗西先生会见了挪威首相约纳斯·加尔·斯特勒、外交大臣埃斯彭·巴尔特·艾德和国际发展大臣安娜·贝娅特·特温内赖姆。他还在半岛电视台的“2024年诺贝尔访谈”上发表了讲话。
“When it comes to working on behalf of peace and security, playing it safe is dangerous,” Mr Grossi said, calling for an urgent return to diplomacy and dialogue and on the leaders of international organizations to step up as effective brokers of peace.
“We must be proactive in building the trust and protections that lower the risk of close calls and of brinksmanship, especially during today’s tensions,” he said. “Not taking active steps means we rely on luck – or the assumption that the other side will show restraint – to save us from nuclear war. The longer you rely on luck, the more likely it is to run out.”
He urged leaders to act, reminding them of key moments during the Cold War when bold leadership led to dialogue, a reduction of tensions and important norms and arms reduction treaties. “Difficult times call for enlightened leadership, at the national level, and the international level as well,” Mr Grossi said, stressing that engagement among the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council was critically important to deescalating tensions and to reducing “nuclear sabre rattling.”
“Conflict and tensions compel nations to arm themselves. Diplomacy and compromise create conditions in which they can disarm,” he said.
Mr Grossi also called on leaders of multilateral organizations to use their mandates, tools and good offices to help guide the world through today’s challenges to peace and security.
He said that the IAEA was doing its part, mentioning the Agency’s continuous presence at nuclear power facilities in Ukraine. “We are informing the world of what’s going on and reducing the chance that a radiological incident enflames the conflict and causes even more devastation.”
In addition, Mr Grossi has been continuously engaging with Iran in an effort to reduce tensions and to keep the country within the Non-Proliferation Treaty and international non-proliferation norms.
Mr Grossi warned of the continued danger of nuclear proliferation and urged non-nuclear weapon states not to fall for the siren call of the world’s most destructive weapon of mass destruction. “Acquiring a nuclear weapon will not increase national security, it will do the opposite. Other countries will follow. And this will contribute to the unravelling of a non-proliferation regime that has had its ups and downs – and it still has its limitations – but none-the-less it has served humanity extraordinarily well.”
He urged both nuclear weapon and non-weapon states to work together with “an iron-clad resolve to observe and strengthen the global non-proliferation regime.”
“Putting the international system back on track is within our reach,” Mr Grossi concluded. “World leaders, including those at the top of the multilateral system, have a duty and an irrevocable responsibility to work towards this.”
“Personally, I am convinced,” he added. “Perhaps, because the secret mandate I received that day in Hiroshima from a hibakusha burns in me, stronger than ever.”
While in Oslo, Mr Grossi met with Norway’s Prime Minister, Jonas Gahr Store, Minister of Foreign Affairs Espen Barthe Eide and International Development Minister Anne Beate Tvinnereim. He also spoke at Al Jazeera’s Nobel Interview 2024.
Read the full speech and watch Mr Grossi’s keynote address here.