国际原子能机构设计了一个概述世界范围内管理乏燃料不同战略的网上学习课程。
国际原子能机构设计了一个概述世界范围内管理乏燃料不同战略的网上学习课程。该课程是乏燃料和放射性废物管理、退役和环境治理课程（包含其他几个模块）的一部分。
该课程面向核专业人员、此专题新成员以及工程和理科学生，阐明了管理乏燃料的不同方案以及可能影响一个国家特定管理战略选择的因素。这是国际原子能机构迄今就此专题制定的最详细的课程。
目前，13个讲座中有4个通过原子能机构的网络教育和培训网络学习平台以及原子能机构的CONNECT平台提供。其余讲座将于2020年初以前上传。讲座除英文外，还有法文、日文、俄文和西班牙文版本。
前两讲介绍乏燃料管理，涵盖了乏燃料管理的所有方面——从乏燃料从核反应堆堆芯卸出到被视为废物并在深层地质处置库中处置。这两讲概述了管理乏燃料的不同方案、影响乏燃料战略选择的因素以及选择各种方案的后果。第3讲和第4讲介绍乏燃料贮存，阐明了贮存乏核燃料的不同方案和技术（湿法和干法），以及乏燃料贮存的一般安全考虑，以满足保护人和环境免受电离辐射有害影响这一基本安全目标。
“其余讲座内容将涵盖乏燃料特性和运输，以及乏燃料再循环技术和第四代反应堆的创新型燃料循环，”国际原子能机构乏燃料管理技术负责人Amparo González Espartero说。
“这些讲座的技术内容由来自对乏燃料管理有着不同观点和战略国家的一组专家编写。因此，内容非常均衡，并以事实和数据为基础，”她说。
讲座首先列出网上学习目标的目录和概要，然后是更详细的解释。每一讲由几个章节构成，以加深对材料的理解。在每讲结束时，有一个简短的测验来测试用户的知识，音频概要涵盖关键的学习要点。模块化结构确保用户可以按照自己的进度浏览专题。为了说明信息并使其更易于访问，模块使用不同的媒体格式，包括视频和交互式练习。还提供了叙述文字、补充材料和术语表，以增加用户的理解。
本文刊登于《国际原子能机构通报》2019年6月刊核动力堆乏燃料管理。
The first two lectures, which provide an introduction to spent fuel management, cover all aspects of the management of spent fuel — from when it is discharged from a nuclear reactor core until it is considered waste and disposed of in a deep geological repository. These lectures provide an overview of different options for managing spent fuel, of factors influencing the choice of spent fuel strategy and of the ramifications of selecting the various options. Lectures 3 and 4, on spent fuel storage, explain the different options and technologies — wet and dry — for storing spent nuclear fuel, as well as general safety considerations for spent fuel storage to meet the fundamental safety objective of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
“The rest of the lectures will cover spent fuel characteristics and transport, as well as spent fuel recycling technologies and innovative fuel cycles for Generation IV reactors,” said Amparo González Espartero, Technical Lead for Spent Fuel Management at the IAEA.
“The technical content of these lectures has been developed by a group of experts from countries with different views and strategies on the management of their spent fuel. It is therefore very balanced and based on facts and figures,” she said.
Lectures begin with a list and brief summary of e-learning objectives followed by more detailed explanations. Each lecture comprises several chapters to provide a deeper understanding of the material. At the end of each lecture, there is a short quiz to test users’ knowledge, and audio summaries cover the key learning points. The modular structure ensures that users can go through the topics at their own pace. To illustrate the information and make it more accessible, the modules use different media formats, including videos and interactive exercises. The text of the narration, supplementary material and a glossary of terms are also available to improve users’ understanding.
This article was featured in the June 2019 Bulletin edition on Management of Spent Fuel from Nuclear Power Reactors.