Digital mammography offers fundamental advantages over film-based mammography. These include the possibility for acquiring quality images at lower radiation dose image recording, processing and archiving as well as the use of artificial intelligence for improving diagnostic outcome. Other practical advantages include cost reduction, use of environmentally friendly technology, and the option of obtaining remote expert diagnostic opinion. Image quality in mammography is critical. A switch from screen-film technology to a digital system is preferable only if high quality images can be guaranteed. This publication provides guidance on the establishment of digital mammography facilities and the upgrade of existing facilities. It focuses on planning, designing and operating the high quality mammography service within available resources.

This Safety Report provides guidance, targeted towards States newly embarking upon a nuclear power plant programme, on the licensing process and associated procedures needed during for the construction, commissioning and operation stages of a nuclear power plant, so that the applicant complies with national regulations in line with the internationally recognized safety principles and requirements throughout these stages. The publication elaborates on the generic guidance provided in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-12, Licensing Process for Nuclear Installations, and gives supplementary practical guidance for nuclear power plants.

Detection of nuclear security events involving nuclear and other radioactive material out of regulatory control is an important challenge facing States. Timely detection of this material can reduce the risk of it being used in criminal or intentional unauthorized acts. This publication provides guidance for States on planning, implementing and evaluating nuclear security detection systems and measures at State borders. Special consideration is given to designated points of entry and exit and border areas. National competent authorities such as the border guard, customs authorities, national or local law enforcement agencies and regulatory bodies will find this guidance useful for developing, designing, implementing, and sustaining detection systems and measures at State borders.

This publication provides a general overview of interventional radiology (IR). It presents an evidence-based rationale for establishing, improving and maintaining an IR service consistent with current clinical knowledge benchmarks. A summary is provided of necessary elements for the establishment of an IR clinical service and to ensure its sustainability. The publication includes information on specific challenges faced especially but not uniquely in emerging nations, as well as a defined list of expert recommendations. Safety and quality standards are emphasized in addition to necessary funding, human resources, education, training and certification/recertification, as well as involvement of the main professional societies.

In March 2023, at the invitation of the Chairs of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change’s subsidiary bodies, the IAEA provided input to the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement on climate change. The Global Stocktake is a key process for assessing progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement and accelerating climate action. This publication presents a synthesis of the IAEA’s submission to the Stocktake in the form of a series of questions and answers addressing the contribution of nuclear energy to climate change mitigation, adaptation, finance, and technology, along with economic aspects and cross-cutting issues.

The 43rd edition of Reference Data Series No. 1 contains estimates of energy, electricity, and nuclear power trends up to the year 2050. The publication considers the prospects of new capacity additions, retirements and long term operation of existing units. The 2022 capacity and production data is taken from Nuclear Power Reactors in the World, Reference Data Series No. 2, IAEA, Vienna (2023).RDS-1 is organized into world and regional subsections, with global and regional nuclear power projections presented as low and high cases, encompassing the uncertainties inherent in projecting trends. The low case assumes a continuation of current market and technology trends leading to a modest increase in in global nuclear capacity to 458 GWe by 2050. The high case assumes a more favourable context and leads to a more than doubling of global nuclear power capacity to 890 GWe by 2050. Despite the increasing recognition of nuclear power’s role in climate change mitigation and energy security improvement, the current pace of nuclear power development shows that urgent actions would be needed to maintain the existing role of nuclear power in the energy mix, involving a broad range of actors including policy makers, the nuclear industry, the financing community, and international organizations, along with active engagement with the public.

The IAEA’s World Fusion Outlook aims to be the global reference for authoritative information and updates on fusion energy—a potentially unlimited, low carbon source of clean energy, which can contribute to decarbonization and diversification of energy generation in the long term. The IAEA has been promoting fusion energy research and development for over 60 years, and it continues to strongly support research and development and future deployment by bringing the fusion community together to create solutions for both scientific and technological challenges. This first issue of the publication outlines achievements in fusion energy; its safety, security, safeguards, nuclear law and liability challenges; as well as the role of the IAEA and its ongoing efforts.

This high level text book is written for graduate students focussing on fusion technology, as well as for established plasma physicists and others working in the field and requiring a comprehensive overview. The need for an integrated and international fusion education programme is further motivated by the increasingly important role of industry in fusion research and development (R&D). Over the coming decades fusion R&D will shift from being science-driven and laboratory-based towards a technology-driven, industry-based venture. Significant innovation is and will be required in some areas, such as breeding blanket technology, plasma-facing and structural materials, superconducting magnets, microwave sources, high power beam sources, remote handling, control technology and fuelling and pumping systems. Furthermore, the transition will focus on technologies and standards associated with the ‘nuclearization of fusion’ which has consequences for the required competences of the workforce. The main objective of this publication is to contribute to the consolidation and better exploitation of the achievements already reached in the past to tackle the present challenges in preparing the workforce in the different areas, with special attention to continuous professional development and life-long learning. It includes chapters on fusion technology relevant to diagnostics, confinement and plasma control, as well as ones dedicated to plasma heating and current drive technology, plasma facing components, neutronics, reactor materials, vacuum pumping and fuelling, tritium handling and remote maintenance.

This publication sets out the Agenda ARCAL 2030, the title given to the Regional Strategic Profile for Latin America and the Caribbean for the period from 2022 to 2029. It will serve as a key programmatic reference for the formulation of regional technical cooperation projects. As with previous editions of the Regional Strategic Profile, the IAEA, the Regional Co-operation Agreement for the Promotion of Nuclear Science and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean (ARCAL) and representatives of Member States collaborated closely on the drafting of this new strategic programming framework. The new framework aims to address those of the region’s priority needs and problems where nuclear technology can make an effective and tangible contribution.

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant underlined the need to assess the nuclear safety of multi-unit sites considering the accident sequences involving more than one reactor units on site. The objective of this Safety Report is to provide a methodology for the development of a Multi-unit Probabilistic Safety Assessment (MUPSA). It provides practical examples and an overview of the actual state of practice in this area. The publication provides a detailed description of Level 1 MUPSA methodology, the principles of development of Level 2 MUPSA models and the path forward for multi-unit consequence analysis (Level 3 MUPSA). In addition, it summarizes the experience available in Member States in the area of MUPSA. The scope of this Safety Report includes consideration of various hazards and plant operational states normally considered in PSA development in the multi-unit context.

This is the 43rd edition of Reference Data Series No. 2, which presents the most recent reactor data available to the IAEA. It contains summarized information as of the end of 2022 on power reactors operating, under construction and shut down as well as performance data on reactors operating in the IAEA Member States. The information is collected through designated national correspondents in the Member States and the data are used to maintain the IAEA's Power Reactor Information System (PRIS).