The objective of this Safety Guide is to provide guidance on the establishment of a national radiation safety infrastructure that meets the IAEA safety standards. It provides recommendations, in the form of actions, on meeting the relevant safety requirements in an effective and integrated manner while taking specific national circumstances into full consideration. This Safety Guide does not diminish the application of, or provide a synopsis of or a substitute for, the IAEA Safety Fundamentals and Safety Requirements publications or other associated Safety Guides. Rather it sets out a holistic approach to the establishment of the national radiation safety infrastructure and provides advice for the application of IAEA safety standards for States having essentially no elements of a radiation safety infrastructure in place as well as those that already have some.