This CD is the proceedings of the 2006 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, which was attended by over 700 scientists, engineers and policy makers. Participants discussed the major research topics across the whole field and, in particular, those that need to be tackled and planned for ITER’s successful exploitation. Investments in the range of several billions of dollars are foreseen to be made in the near future to develop magnetic and inertial confinement approaches further, by designing and building new research machines to push the limits of science and technology. These conference proceedings will serve as an important source of information for fusion scientists and interested researchers and decision makers worldwide.