This TECDOC compiles international experiences and safety practices related to experimental fusion machines. Its objective is to provide an insight into the safety considerations for prototype, demonstration, and future commercial fusion power plants, collectively referred to in this publication as fusion power plants (FPPs). Based on questionnaire responses submitted by experts from various Member States and international organizations, it highlights the safety approaches employed in a range of currently operating and planned experimental fusion facilities, as well as those being developed for future FPPs. The information within this TECDOC aims to improve the general understanding of the safety considerations for future FPPs and will serve as a foundation to determine whether fusion-specific design safety and safety assessment standards may be necessary. This TECDOC is intended for public and private sector organisations with an interest in FPPs, including those involved in research, design, manufacturing, construction, operation, regulation, or technical support. It also targets individual stakeholders engaged in addressing the safety aspects of fusion energy technologies.

This publication provides detailed guidance (i) on the identification of potential sabotage targets in a nuclear facility and possible vulnerabilities that could lead to unacceptable or high radiological consequences if an initiating event of malicious origin were to take place and (ii) on the identification of vital areas in nuclear facilities. It also includes guidance to assist States in accounting for the potential risks to a facility associated with stand-off sabotage attacks. This publication is intended to be used by States, competent authorities involved in protection against the sabotage of nuclear and other radioactive material, relevant technical and scientific support organizations, as well as the operators of associated facilities and activities.

Drought is the most devastating abiotic stress factor worldwide affecting crop production: an issue that is projected to worsen with climate change. Improving drought tolerance in crops and enhancing agricultural water productivity under rain-fed conditions are therefore critical issues for many countries. With this aim, the IAEA has successfully completed a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) in 2021 titled "Improving Drought Resilience in Rice and Sorghum through Mutation Breeding”. These two crops are essential staples in the diets of millions of impoverished and vulnerable populations and therefore any attempt to improve their yields under drought stress could have a major and positive impact in terms of food security and improved health and income generation. This publication, “Crop Improvement with Induced Genetic Variation to Cope with Drought in Rice and Sorghum”, contains the results of the five-year CRP and has contributions from 58 scientists from 7 different countries. Chapters cover mutagenesis and field-based screening protocols of drought tolerance, secondary traits of drought tolerance, phenotypic and molecular marker-based selection strategies, and genomics perspectives. Its intended readership is researchers, scientists, plant breeders, plant biotechnologists and other highly specialized audiences with an interest in improving drought tolerance in rice and sorghum crops using mutant lines.

In 1995 the International Atomic Energy Agency published a hard copy map of World Distribution of Uranium Deposits, in collaboration with the Geological Survey of Canada. The map was based upon an early version of the IAEA’s uranium database UDEPO and displayed 582 deposits using a deposit classification scheme which has since been superseded. In 2018, the IAEA published a second edition of the map based on approximately 2,900 deposits from the 2016 version of the UDEPO database. The second edition of the World Distribution of Uranium Deposits map (2018, IAEA STI/PUB/1800) was intended to be a snapshot of the IAEA UDEPO database as of 2016, showing the broad global distribution of uranium deposits and genetic types. Since its publication, updates and refinements to UDEPO since 2020 have resulted in a vastly different database than the one that existed in 2016, having almost doubled in size with nearly 5300 deposits. This third edition of the World Distribution of Uranium Deposits presents new information, such as additional deposits, a broader range of deposit sizes, a revised deposit classification system and improved geological visualization information (see the map explanation, key, and legend for detailed information).

The online PDF version also includes enhanced functionality with layers and query capability:

In appropriate versions of Adobe Acrobat, the electronic file includes bookmarks that can be viewed at the left of the map, and are arranged into three groups: Map Views, Deposit Types and Map Peripherals that allow the user to rapidly view customised views of specific map features. The publication also includes subdivided layers that can be toggled on and off according to deposit types separately within the main map and the map insets in order to produce and print a customised map. Query functionality can be found using the View Object Data Tool, which can be accessed through Tools ? Measure in Adobe Acrobat Reader, or Tools / Share & Review / Measure in Adobe Acrobat Pro. This allows the user, through three mouse clicks on a specific deposit, to show individual deposit attributes, such as the deposit name and type.

Graphite has been used as a moderator and reflector of neutrons in more than 100 nuclear power plants and in many research and plutonium-production reactors, in quantities ranging from a few kilograms to more than 3,000 tonnes, depending on the design. Many of the older reactors have now been shut down, with more approaching the end of their operating lives, and radioactive irradiated graphite have now accumulated worldwide. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of managing irradiated graphite waste provided by the members of The International Project on Irradiated Graphite Processing Approaches (GRAPA) network. This publication is intended for representatives of Member States with a programme involving the management of irradiated graphite, as well as non-governmental or international organizations that represent such programmes regionally or worldwide.

This three volume publication provides an overview of the work of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s technical cooperation (TC) programme over the past two decades. It examines the programme’s achievements, presenting country overviews and case studies, programme facts and figures, and the findings of a survey conducted to measure the impact of the TC programme in the 21st century. The publication covers the wide scope of TC programme activities, from regional, thematic and Member State perspectives, to build capacity in the safe, secure and peaceful application of nuclear science and technology, and outlines how this contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

This Safety Guide provides recommendations on the protection of workers against exposure due to radon in existing exposure situations and planned exposure situations. It focuses on the identification of workplaces of concern and the implementation of requirements for radiation protection through the application of a graded approach and the principles of justification and optimization of protection and safety. This includes exposure in workplaces such as buildings, underground locations and industrial premises involving the processing of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). The recommendations provided in this Safety Guide are aimed at governments, regulatory bodies and other relevant authorities, employers, workers, and service providers.

The majority of the hydrogen used presently is produced from fossil fuels, which results in carbon dioxide emissions. Nuclear energy has the potential to replace fossil fuels for supplying a forecasted large increase in the demand of hydrogen with low or zero carbon emissions. There are currently several demonstration projects worldwide ongoing and planned for the production of hydrogen using operational nuclear power plants, as well as developments considering advanced reactor technologies for hydrogen production. The Coordinated Research Project "Assessing Technical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Hydrogen Production for Near-term Deployment" addressed relevant facets for the potential upscaling of nuclear hydrogen production technologies, based on the specific cases of participant Member States. This publication is intended for scientists and specialists, as well as various stakeholders interested in hydrogen production using nuclear energy.

This publication provides detailed guidance to States and their competent authorities on how to implement and maintain a nuclear security regime for the transport of nuclear and other radioactive material. The publication builds upon relevant recommendations in NSS No. 13 and NSS No. 14 and provides additional explanations of how to implement these recommendations in practice. This publication is intended for nuclear security regulatory bodies and may also be useful to operators, shippers, carriers and others with transport security responsibilities to design their transport security systems.

The objective of this Technical Document is to provide clear guidance including best practices and recommendations for the planning, management and implementation of uranium exploration projects. It provides a systematic approach to the development and implementation of uranium exploration programmes. The intended audience includes, but is not limited to, government decision makers at all levels, governmental officers in mineral resources, government geological surveys, mining operators and individuals, private companies and universities with interests in mineral exploration.

Decommissioning is a complex stage in research reactor projects, the safe and efficient implementation of which can be greatly facilitated if it is considered from the early stages and throughout the project’s lifespan. This publication provides guidance on facilitating decommissioning during the design, construction and operation stages of a research reactor’s lifetime, and on managing objectives and requirements during the transition period. It presents good practices and lessons learned in the planning and preparation for decommissioning, as well as information relating to regulatory and management aspects. The publication is intended for individuals and organizations responsible for the design and operation of research reactors, as well as regulatory bodies, technical support organizations and decommissioning planners.

Fusion Key Elements outlines a shared vision for fusion energy development. The publication builds a common understanding of the pathway from research, development and demonstration to the commercialization of fusion energy and charts a collaborative framework that helps to sustain and move forward fusion energy initiatives globally. This publication is intended for research scientists and engineers engaged in fusion research and development, regulators, entrepreneurs or stakeholders involved in the development of fusion technology, and policymakers.